一、反渗透运行
1、原理
反渗透系统根据逆渗透原理去除水中离子,有机物、悬浮物和杂质等。滤膜在一定压力下进水或溶液,在滤膜两面分成两部分,一部分通过反渗透的渗透膜净化,另一部分盐分和固体残渣却被滞留和浓缩
本系统采用卷式复合膜,它使用一根中心管道收集纯水
以下说明能使里您进一步了解此设备原理
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
产水量——(Qp)等于通过RO膜的水量(M3/h)
浓水量--(Qc)等于RO膜排走的水量(M3/h)
原水量--(Qf)等于RO膜给水量 (M3/h)
Qf=Qp+Qc
回收率等于产水量除以给水量,并用百分比表示。
如回收率为70%是指在给水里分离出来的70%是纯水(产水)
浓水的浓度等于溶液总的溶解物或悬浮固体的浓度
Cf=给水浓度 (mg/L或电导率)
Cp=产水浓度 (mg/L或电导率)
Cc=浓水浓度 (mg/L或电导率)
Cavg=平均溶液浓度 (mg/L或电导率)
脱盐(离子)率等于膜脱离出来的溶解盐百分率,盐(离子)的通过率等于通过薄膜的溶解盐之百分率
以下是一个脱盐率和回收率的计算公式;
平均浓度(Cavg)={(Cf)mg/L+(Cc)mg/L}÷2
脱盐率={(Cavg)mg/L-(Cp)mg/L}÷Cavg
通盐率=(Cp)mg/L÷Cavg
回收率=(Qp)÷(Qf)
2、设备技术指标
产水量:6×112m3/h
系统回收率:75%
脱盐率:≥98%(20℃)(第一年内)
设计温度:20℃
工作压力:0.2~1.6Mpa
RO各级压差上升10~15%,应进行冲洗或清洗操作。
3、操作规程
1)、运行准备
检查预处理水质,当满足下列条件方可进行下一步操作:
污染指数SDI≤3
余氯≤0.1PPM
Fe<0.05PPM
2)、手动启动高压泵,检查电机转动方向是否正确。
3)、手动操作
高压泵进水手动碟阀全开
高压泵出口手动球阀全开,电动门为调整状态
RO产水阀门全开
RO浓水调节阀为调整位置
其它阀门为关闭状态
将控制柜上高压泵的选择开关转至手动档,启动预处理系统,当高压泵进口压力升至0.2Mpa或以上,开启反渗透进水、浓水电动阀,启动高压泵,向反渗透供水。
4)、停机
A、一般停机:当RO产水箱(中间水箱)水位升至高液位时,RO自动停机;当RO产水箱液位降至中液位时,若满足RO开启条件,RO装置自动开启。
B、故障停机
当RO设备出现下列情况之一:
高压泵进口流量低
高压泵出口压力高
高压泵过载
RO设备自动停机
在消除上述可能故障后按警报复位按钮可能重新启动。
C、停机保护
停机两天以上,将RO产水储存至清洗水箱,启动清洗系统,利用RO产水冲洗RO膜5~10分钟,每隔2天冲洗一次。
5)、清洗操作
清洗操作建议在冲洗操作后仍不能正常工作情况下进行。